Chapter #7 Solutions - Understanding Weather and Climate - James E Burt, Edward Aguado - 7th Edition

1c. What are warm clouds and where are they most likely to be found? Get solution

1ct. Industrial activity can increase the number of cloud condensation nuclei. Would an increase in the number of such nuclei tend to promote the formation of rainfall or inhibit it? Why? Get solution

1. On a regular basis, examine the weather radar map at http://radar.weather.gov/Conus/. Then click on any region for a closer, regional view of the precipitation. Would you describe the precipitation intensity as uniform or spotty? This pattern is likely to vary by season and region. How might season, type of precipitation, and geography influence the spatial variability of precipitation within a storm? Get solution

1rq. What determines the terminal velocity of falling droplets and raindrops? Get solution

1va. This image shows a radar analysis of precipitation falling along the Middle-Atlantic states on March 3, 2014. The radar image uses the new dual-polarization technology to distinguish different types of precipitation....What are the different types of precipitation occurring across the region? Get solution

2c. What is the role of the collector drop in the formation of precipitation in a warm cloud? Get solution

2ct. How might a warming of the atmosphere change how rainfall forms in the middle latitudes? Get solution

2. A particular collector drop has a fall speed of 0.26 m/sec while a smaller, 10 μm droplet directly below falls at a rate of 0.01 m/sec. How long will it lake for the two to collide? How far will each of them have fallen prior to collision? Get solution

2rq. Describe the characteristics that distinguish warm, cool, and cold clouds. Get solution

2va. This image shows a radar analysis of precipitation falling along the Middle-Atlantic states on March 3, 2014. The radar image uses the new dual-polarization technology to distinguish different types of precipitation....Which regions might be dealing with the most severe disruptions? Get solution

3c. What is the difference between a cool cloud and a cold cloud? Get solution

3ct. It is not possible for a cloud to precipitate all of its ice crystals or water droplets. Why not? Get solution

3. The terminal velocities of spherical falling droplets and raindrops are proportional to the square root of their radii.a. If a cloud droplet with a radius of 10 μm falls at 0.01 m/sec, how fast would a droplet with a radius of 100 μm fall?b. If both droplets are within a cloud, 100 m above the cloud base, how long would it take the two of them to fall to the bottom of the cloud, assuming no growth or diminution in size? Get solution

3rq. How do the growth processes of droplets in warm and cold clouds differ? Get solution

3va. This image shows a radar analysis of precipitation falling along the Middle-Atlantic states on March 3, 2014. The radar image uses the new dual-polarization technology to distinguish different types of precipitation....If you were a forecaster, how might the narrowness of the regions of different precipitation types make your job difficult? Get solution

4c. How does the fact that the saturation vapor pressure over ice is less than the saturation vapor pressure over supercooled water lead to precipitation? Get solution

4ct. Precipitable water refers to the depth of water that would precipitate if all the water in a column of air above the surface were to rain out. Typically, precipitable water is on the order of about 2.5 cm (1 in.), but precipitation amounts can greatly exceed 2.5 cm. How is this possible? Get solution

4rq. Why isn’t growth by condensation able to create precipitation-sized droplets on its own? Get solution

5c. What is lake-effect snow and where does it typically occur in the United States? Get solution

5ct. Using weather radar to examine vertical profiles of clouds and precipitation shafts, it is easy to determine the height at which the temperature is 0°C (32°F). Why? Get solution

5rq. How do collision and coalescence increase the size of cloud droplets? Get solution

6c. How does the movement of cold, dry air over a warm lake produce lake-effect snow? Get solution

6ct. Aircraft icing is a serious threat to aviation at temperatures of about −10°C to 0°C (14°F to 32°F), Why is it less of a problem at lower temperatures? Get solution

6rq. Explain how variations in the saturation vapor pressure for ice crystals and supercooled water droplets affect the development of precipitation. Get solution

7c. Briefly define graupel, hail, sleet, and freezing rain. Get solution

7ct. Typical raindrops fall at a speed of about 6 m/sec—roughly 25 km/hr (15 mph). Snowflakes obviously fall more slowly. What does this imply about the depth of cloud required to yield precipitation through the collision-coalescence process compared to through the Bergeron process? Get solution

7rq. Why can’t the Bergeron process take place in warm clouds? Get solution

8c. How are the conditions under which sleet and freezing rain form similar? How are they different? Get solution

8ct. A shampoo company once advertised that its product was “pure as rainwater.” Do you think this is true, and if so, does this speak well of the shampoo? Get solution

8rq. What are riming and aggregation? Get solution

9c. Explain how each of the following devices works to measure precipitation: tipping-bucket gauge, weighing-bucket gauge, snow pillow. Get solution

9ct. Hail sometimes shoots out of a cumulonimbus cloud near the anvil. How can large hailstones be found in this relatively shallow portion of the cloud? Get solution

9rq. Why is precipitation greater in Mississippi than in Michigan? Get solution

10c. What are some sources of error in measuring precipitation? Get solution

10ct. Ice in the upper reaches of a cumulonimbus cloud over Colorado may be observed 2 days later over the eastern United States. How can these ice crystals manage to survive without having been precipitated out of the cloud or sublimated away? Get solution

10rq. How do lakes enhance precipitation downwind? Get solution

11c. What are two substances that have been used in cloud seeding? Get solution

11rq. Why do rain showers start with only large drops? Get solution

12c. Suppose that you are a wheat farmer on the High Plains in Montana. Would cloud seeding intended to save your crop during a drought be cost effective? Explain why or why not. Get solution

12rq. Explain why the formation of sleet requires an inversion. Get solution

13c. Describe how the varying moisture contents of soils can impact an area's vulnerability to floods. Get solution

13rq. It is never too cold for snow to occur. Is that also true of sleet? Get solution

14c. Explain how previous precipitation episodes can lead to flooding months later. Get solution

14rq. Why does hail consist of multiple layers of ice? Get solution

15rq. What are some inherent sources of error in rain gauges? Get solution

16rq. How do weighing-bucket and tipping-bucket gauges measure rainfall? Get solution

17rq. Explain how snow pillows measure snow accumulation. Get solution

18rq. What materials are used in cloud seeding, and how do they stimulate (or inhibit) precipitation? Get solution

19rq. What conditions lead to the development of floods? Get solution