1. The Three Temperature ScalesFahrenheit and CelsiusAt one time,
the temperature scale used all over the world was the Fahrenheit scale.
Invented in the early 1700s by Gabriel Fahrenheit, it assigns values of
32° and 212° to the freezing and boiling points of water.* Thus, there
are 180 Fahrenheit degrees between freezing and boiling. Fahrenheit
developed his scale by assigning 0° and 100° to temperatures he could
produce in his laboratory. For the lower temperature, he used a mixture
of water, ice, and a salt, and (according to one account) his wife’s
armpit served to establish the other as the temperature of a human body.
Although the Fahrenheit scale has been replaced in Canada and nearly
every other country around the world, in the United States it is still
the scale used by the general public.The other familiar scale for
measuring temperature is the Celsius scale, named for Anders Celsius,
who formulated it in 1742. The Celsius scale assigns values of 0° and
100° to the freezing and boiling points of water, so there are only 100
Celsius degrees between the two points. This means that a Celsius degree
is larger than a Fahrenheit degree. Thus, for example, a 2 °C change is
larger than a 2 °F change. However, this is not to say a temperature
expressed in °C is always higher than the same temperature expressed in
°F; it can be higher or lower, To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we
use the following formula:...To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, we
use...You can use these formulas to verify that −40 °F = −40 °C.*To be
precise, these values apply to pure water at sea level. In addition,
water doesn’t freeze spontaneously at 32 °F, so “melting point” is a
better term than “freezing point.”KelvinThough useful in everyday
applications, both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have a significant
shortcoming—they allow for negative values. This is not the case for
other units of measurement. For example, buildings do not have negative
heights and weights, cars do not travel at negative speeds, and children
do not have negative ages. But negative temperature values give the
impression that substances can have negative heat contents—a situation
that is physically impossible, To overcome this problem, scientists use a
different scale for the measurement of temperature, called the Kelvin
scale. In this system, the temperature 0 K is the lowest possible
temperature that can exist in the universe. (Notice that we omit the
degree notation with this scale and just refer to the number of
kelvins,† K.) A temperature of 0 K implies no heat, and it is therefore
impossible for subzero temperatures to exist with this scale.†The Kelvin
scale is abbreviated with a capital K; the unit of measurement is
spelled with a lowercase k.The Kelvin scale is really a modified form of
the Celsius scale insofar as the increments of the two are equal. Thus,
if the temperature increases 1 degree Celsius, it also increases 1
kelvin. The only difference between the two is the starting point; 0 K
corresponds to −273.15 °C. Therefore, conversion from Celsius to Kelvin
is simply...To convert from Kelvin to Celsius, we use...Figure 1-4-1
shows the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales.FIGURE 1-4-1 The
Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit Scales....Convert 10 °C to °F. Get solution
2. The Three Temperature ScalesFahrenheit and CelsiusAt one time, the temperature scale used all over the world was the Fahrenheit scale. Invented in the early 1700s by Gabriel Fahrenheit, it assigns values of 32° and 212° to the freezing and boiling points of water.* Thus, there are 180 Fahrenheit degrees between freezing and boiling. Fahrenheit developed his scale by assigning 0° and 100° to temperatures he could produce in his laboratory. For the lower temperature, he used a mixture of water, ice, and a salt, and (according to one account) his wife’s armpit served to establish the other as the temperature of a human body. Although the Fahrenheit scale has been replaced in Canada and nearly every other country around the world, in the United States it is still the scale used by the general public.The other familiar scale for measuring temperature is the Celsius scale, named for Anders Celsius, who formulated it in 1742. The Celsius scale assigns values of 0° and 100° to the freezing and boiling points of water, so there are only 100 Celsius degrees between the two points. This means that a Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit degree. Thus, for example, a 2 °C change is larger than a 2 °F change. However, this is not to say a temperature expressed in °C is always higher than the same temperature expressed in °F; it can be higher or lower, To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we use the following formula:...To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, we use...You can use these formulas to verify that −40 °F = −40 °C.*To be precise, these values apply to pure water at sea level. In addition, water doesn’t freeze spontaneously at 32 °F, so “melting point” is a better term than “freezing point.”KelvinThough useful in everyday applications, both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have a significant shortcoming—they allow for negative values. This is not the case for other units of measurement. For example, buildings do not have negative heights and weights, cars do not travel at negative speeds, and children do not have negative ages. But negative temperature values give the impression that substances can have negative heat contents—a situation that is physically impossible, To overcome this problem, scientists use a different scale for the measurement of temperature, called the Kelvin scale. In this system, the temperature 0 K is the lowest possible temperature that can exist in the universe. (Notice that we omit the degree notation with this scale and just refer to the number of kelvins,† K.) A temperature of 0 K implies no heat, and it is therefore impossible for subzero temperatures to exist with this scale.†The Kelvin scale is abbreviated with a capital K; the unit of measurement is spelled with a lowercase k.The Kelvin scale is really a modified form of the Celsius scale insofar as the increments of the two are equal. Thus, if the temperature increases 1 degree Celsius, it also increases 1 kelvin. The only difference between the two is the starting point; 0 K corresponds to −273.15 °C. Therefore, conversion from Celsius to Kelvin is simply...To convert from Kelvin to Celsius, we use...Figure 1-4-1 shows the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales.FIGURE 1-4-1 The Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit Scales....If the temperature of a location were to increase by 2 °C, would the corresponding change in °F be larger, smaller, or the same? Get solution
2. The Three Temperature ScalesFahrenheit and CelsiusAt one time, the temperature scale used all over the world was the Fahrenheit scale. Invented in the early 1700s by Gabriel Fahrenheit, it assigns values of 32° and 212° to the freezing and boiling points of water.* Thus, there are 180 Fahrenheit degrees between freezing and boiling. Fahrenheit developed his scale by assigning 0° and 100° to temperatures he could produce in his laboratory. For the lower temperature, he used a mixture of water, ice, and a salt, and (according to one account) his wife’s armpit served to establish the other as the temperature of a human body. Although the Fahrenheit scale has been replaced in Canada and nearly every other country around the world, in the United States it is still the scale used by the general public.The other familiar scale for measuring temperature is the Celsius scale, named for Anders Celsius, who formulated it in 1742. The Celsius scale assigns values of 0° and 100° to the freezing and boiling points of water, so there are only 100 Celsius degrees between the two points. This means that a Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit degree. Thus, for example, a 2 °C change is larger than a 2 °F change. However, this is not to say a temperature expressed in °C is always higher than the same temperature expressed in °F; it can be higher or lower, To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we use the following formula:...To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, we use...You can use these formulas to verify that −40 °F = −40 °C.*To be precise, these values apply to pure water at sea level. In addition, water doesn’t freeze spontaneously at 32 °F, so “melting point” is a better term than “freezing point.”KelvinThough useful in everyday applications, both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have a significant shortcoming—they allow for negative values. This is not the case for other units of measurement. For example, buildings do not have negative heights and weights, cars do not travel at negative speeds, and children do not have negative ages. But negative temperature values give the impression that substances can have negative heat contents—a situation that is physically impossible, To overcome this problem, scientists use a different scale for the measurement of temperature, called the Kelvin scale. In this system, the temperature 0 K is the lowest possible temperature that can exist in the universe. (Notice that we omit the degree notation with this scale and just refer to the number of kelvins,† K.) A temperature of 0 K implies no heat, and it is therefore impossible for subzero temperatures to exist with this scale.†The Kelvin scale is abbreviated with a capital K; the unit of measurement is spelled with a lowercase k.The Kelvin scale is really a modified form of the Celsius scale insofar as the increments of the two are equal. Thus, if the temperature increases 1 degree Celsius, it also increases 1 kelvin. The only difference between the two is the starting point; 0 K corresponds to −273.15 °C. Therefore, conversion from Celsius to Kelvin is simply...To convert from Kelvin to Celsius, we use...Figure 1-4-1 shows the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales.FIGURE 1-4-1 The Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit Scales....If the temperature of a location were to increase by 2 °C, would the corresponding change in °F be larger, smaller, or the same? Get solution
