Chapter #5 Solutions - Understanding Weather and Climate - James E Burt, Edward Aguado - 7th Edition

1c. Explain two processes in the hydrologic cycle by which water vapor enters the atmosphere. Get solution

1ct. When rubbing alcohol is applied to a person’s skin, it feels colder than the application of water would. Why? Get solution

1. Assume that a kilogram of air consists of 995 g of dry air and 5 g of water vapor. Show that the specific humidity and mixing ratio are very nearly equal. Get solution

1rq. What is the hydrologic cycle? Get solution

1va. Observe the map plotting dew point temperatures across the United States on June 15, 2014, and answer the following questions:Define the region in which the dew points indicate uncomfortably muggy conditions?... Get solution

2c. Describe the steps and processes by which a molecule of water vapor in the atmosphere could return to the ocean via the land. Get solution

2ct. A person sleeps through the night without waking up, but awakes in the morning weighing slightly less than the night before. What happened? Get solution

2. Assume that a kitchen measures 4 meters by 5 meters by 3 meters, If the air density is 1 kg/m3 and the specific humidity is 10 g water vapor per kilogram of air, how much water vapor is in the room? If the doors and windows were sealed shut, would boiling 1 kg of water into the air make a substantial change in the humidity of the room? Get solution

2rq. Why is it incorrect to refer to the air as “holding” water vapor? Get solution

2va. Observe the map plotting dew point temperatures across the United States on June 15, 2014, and answer the following questions:Which areas indicate dry conditions?... Get solution

3c. What are evaporation and condensation? Get solution

3ct. A crowded classroom is filled with students. In what way might the presence of the students affect the dew point and relative humidity in the room? Get solution

3. The diy and wet bulb readings in Honolulu are 27 °C and 21 °C (80 °F and 69 °F), respectively. At Charlottesville, Virginia, the readings are 10 °C and 7 °C (50 °F and 45 °F).a. Use Tables 5-2 and 5-3 to determine the relative humidity and the dew point for both locations.b. Which of the two locations is more humid? Get solution

3rq. What are deposition and sublimation? Get solution

3va. Observe the map plotting dew point temperatures across the United States on June 15, 2014, and answer the following questions:Why might the western United States have substantially different dew point readings from those east of the Rocky Mountains?... Get solution

4c. In the hypothetical experiment described, how do rates of evaporation and condensation change until saturation is achieved? Get solution

4ct. A person parks her car in the driveway on a warm afternoon and notices a small puddle of water beneath the car a few minutes later. Explain how using the car’s air conditioning can account for the puddle. Get solution

4. The dry and wet bulb temperatures are 21 °C and 12 °C (70 °F and 54 °F). Use Tables 5-2 and 5-3 to answer the following questions:a. What are the dew point and the relative humidity?b. What will the dew point and relative humidity be if the air temperature increases to 27 °C (80 °F)? (Hint: Do not assume the same wet bulb depression.)c. What will the dew point and relative humidity be if the air temperature drops to 4 °C (39 °F)? (Hint: You don’t need the tables for this one.)d. What will the dew point and relative humidity be if the air temperature drops further, to 2 °C (35 °F)? Get solution

4rq. What is vapor pressure? In what units of measure is it expressed? Get solution

5c. What is the dew point? Get solution

5ct. At Wheeling, West Virginia, the evening temperature is 13 °C (55 °F) and the dew point is 9 °C (48 °F), How would you assess the likelihood of fog forming overnight? Get solution

5. The numerical value of the specific heat for ah in the first law of thermodynamics, cm, is strictly valid only for air with no water vapor, Water vapor has a specific heat approximately twice as great as that of cv. Therefore, will a humid mass of air undergoing expansion undergo more or less cooling than would a dry mass of air? Get solution

5rq. Explain the concepts of equilibrium and saturation, Get solution

6c. What happens if air temperature drops below the dew point? Get solution

6ct. A map of North America shows the average distribution of vapor pressure across the continent. Will the distribution on the map be only a function of the amount of water vapor in the air, or will the distribution be affected by another factor as well? Explain. Get solution

6. Assume a parcel of air starts out at the surface with a temperature of 12 °C (54 °F) and a dew point of 9.6 °C (49 °F). Then it is lifted.a. What will the air temperature be at the 100 m level?b. What will the dew point be at the 100 m level? (Hint: Don’t forget the dew point lapse rate.)c. At what height will condensation occur?d. What will the temperature be when condensation occurs?e. What will the dew point be when condensation occurs?f. What will the temperature be 500 m above the surface?g. If the parcel of air is lowered back to the surface (assuming none of the condensed moisture was removed as rain), what will the temperature and dew point be? Get solution

6rq. What units of measurement are used to describe mixing ratio and specific humidity? Why are the two values nearly equal? Get solution

7c. Why does a sling psychrometer include two thermometers? Get solution

7ct. The temperature within a forest is −2 °C (28 °F) and there is frost on the trees but no fog. Outside the woods there is a fog. Why wasn’t this fog in the woods? Get solution

7rq. Why is absolute humidity seldom used? Get solution

8c. Why is a wet bulb reading lower than a dry bulb reading? Get solution

8ct. Is fog more likely to occur downwind or upwind of an oil refinery? Why? Get solution

8rq. Define relative humidity. Get solution

9c. Refer to the January map of dew point distribution in Figure 5-10, What explains the pattern of changes in dew points in the southeastern United States? Get solution

9ct. All fogs are made of water droplets or ice crystals. Despite the fact that they have the same composition, how would you know if a particular fog is a radiation, advection, or upslope fog? Get solution

9rq. Why is relative humidity a poor indicator of the amount of water vapor in the air? Get solution

10c. Explain why dew points are lower in January than they are in July. Get solution

10ct. Diesel engines, like four-stroke engines, work because of burning fuel, but they do not require a spark plug or similar device for initiating the burning. Apply your knowledge of the first law of thermodynamics to explain how the fuel can be forced to burn. Get solution

10rq. Define dew point. What characteristics make this measure superior to relative humidity? Get solution

11c. What process that leads to saturated air causes the “fog” that forms in the bathroom when you take a shower? Get solution

11rq. Why can’t the dew point temperature exceed the air temperature? What happens if the air temperature is lowered to a value below the initial dew point? Get solution

12c. How does steam fog form? Get solution

12rq. Describe the distribution of average dew point across the United States in summer and winter. Get solution

13c. How does droplet size affect rates of evaporation and condensation? Get solution

13rq. What are the three general methods by which the air can become saturated? Get solution

14c. Why are ice nuclei often required for the formation of ice crystals? Get solution

14rq. What are the effects of droplet curvature and solution on the amount of water vapor needed for saturation? Get solution

15c. What happens as a parcel of unsaturated dry air rises? Explain. Get solution

15rq. Why doesn’t homogeneous nucleation form water droplets in the atmosphere? Get solution

16c. What is the difference between the environmental lapse rate and the adiabatic lapse rate? Get solution

16rq. What are condensation nuclei and ice nuclei? Are they typically made of the same materials? Which is more abundant in the atmosphere? Get solution

17c. What are the four general types of condensation that occur on or near Earth’s surface? Get solution

17rq. What is supercooled water? Get solution

18c. Identify the different types of fog and explain how they form. Get solution

18rq. What are psychrometers? How do they work? Get solution

19c. What type of fog is likely to form on a cool, cloudless night with light winds? Get solution

19rq. Define dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and wet bulb depression. Get solution

20c. Compare and contrast the processes that form advection fogs and upslope fogs. Get solution

20rq. What is the heat index? Get solution

21c. What is the dew point lapse rate and why is it important? Get solution

21rq. What is the first law of thermodynamics and how does it apply to cloud development? Get solution

22c. Describe what would happen if a parcel of unsaturated air were lifted up above the lifting condensation level and then returned to its original altitude. Get solution

22rq. Explain the difference between diabatic and adiabatic processes. Get solution

23c. What two atmospheric variables are combined to yield the heat index? Get solution

23rq. What are the numerical values of the dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rates? Under what circumstances are they applicable? Get solution

24c. Why is sweat not able to cool a person effectively during periods when the heat index is high? Get solution

24rq. What does the environmental lapse rate refer to? Get solution

25c. What kind of change in moisture content has occurred since the mid 1970s? Get solution

25rq. Describe the various processes that can lead to the formation of dew. Get solution

26c. How will negative feedbacks affect further changes in moisture content in the atmosphere? Get solution

26rq. What is the difference between frozen dew and frost? Get solution

27rq. Describe the various processes that can lead to the formation of fog. Get solution


Chapter #17 Solutions - Understanding Weather and Climate - James E Burt, Edward Aguado - 7th Edition

1c. What happens to light if it enters a medium of higher density? Get solution 1ct. Consider the way the apparent position of the...