Chapter #6 Solutions - Understanding Weather and Climate - James E Burt, Edward Aguado - 7th Edition

1c. List four mechanisms that lift air. Get solution

1ct. Orographic uplift can cause cloud or fog to form. How might stability be a factor in determining which develops? Get solution

1. On a daily basis, examine the current surface weather maps and the satellite images depicting cloud cover from any of the websites offering those products. Do you notice any relationships between cloud cover and surface pressure distributions? How do clouds tend to appear when associated with cold or warm fronts? Are there any mountainous regions that seem to have a higher incidence of cloud cover? Describe the patterns you observe. Get solution

1rq. Describe the four mechanisms that lift air and promote cloud formation. Get solution

1va. Examine the photo and answer the following questions....Multiple Cloud Types. The Sun is behind the highest cloud in this photo.How many different general cloud forms can you identify? Get solution

2c. Which lifting mechanism also produces a rain shadow effect? Get solution

2ct. Except for the shallow zone near the surface, it is rare for the atmosphere to be absolutely unstable. Why is it difficult for a very steep ELR to develop in the middle and upper atmosphere? Get solution

2. Assume that a parcel of air starts out with a temperature of 12°C and a dew point of 10.4°C and that the ELR = 0.7°C/100 m. Determine the following:a. Is the air stable, unstable, or conditionally unstable?b. At what level will the air become saturated?c. Where is the level of free convection? Get solution

2rq. Explain how buoyancy affects the air’s susceptibility to uplift. Get solution

2va. Examine the photo and answer the following questions....Multiple Cloud Types. The Sun is behind the highest cloud in this photo.At how many levels do clouds appear in this photo? Get solution

3c. What is static stability? Get solution

3ct. Localized convection might be more vigorous over the desert in the summer than over a wooded region, but precipitation is more likely in the wooded environment. Why? Get solution

3. Redo Problem 2, but assume that the ELR = 0.4°C, Explain why there will be no level of free convection. Get solution

3rq. Describe the situations that can cause air to be absolutely stable, absolutely unstable, or conditionally unstable. Get solution

3va. Examine the photo and answer the following questions....Multiple Cloud Types. The Sun is behind the highest cloud in this photo.What might you infer about the stability of the air, as indicated by the cloud forms? Get solution

4c. How does air that is statically stable behave differently from air that is statically unstable? Get solution

4ct. Is the stability of the air more likely to change rapidly near the surface or aloft? At what time of day are major changes in the ELR most likely? Get solution

4rq. What two factors can ultimately stop rising parcels of air from continuing upward? Get solution

5c. Name three factors that affect the environmental lapse rate. Get solution

5ct. What time of year will unstable conditions be most common over the continental United States and Canada? Get solution

5rq. What will determine whether air that is conditionally un-stable will become buoyant? Get solution

6c. How can differences in advection between different levels affect the ELR? Get solution

6ct. Is it possible for radiation and subsidence inversions to occur simultaneously? Get solution

6rq. What is the level of free convection? Get solution

7c. Why don’t rising parcels of air eventually escape into space? Get solution

7ct. Unlike the Siena Nevada range in the west, the Appalachian Mountains do not exhibit very strong rain shadow effects. Why not? Get solution

7rq. Describe the processes that bring about changes in the environmental lapse rates, and thus the stability of the atmosphere. Get solution

8c. How does entrapment limit the ability of air to rise? Get solution

8ct. Some of the higher peaks in Hawaii have “cloud forests” at certain levels. What type of environmental situations would favor ubiquitous cloud cover? Get solution

8rq. What is entrainment, and how does it affect the growth of clouds? Get solution

9c. What is an inversion? Get solution

9ct. In many regions, the orographic effect causes precipitation to increase with elevation. Can you think of any reason why this might not be true all the way up to the top of Mt. Everest? Get solution

9rq. Define the term inversion, and describe the mechanisms that can cause the various types of inversions. Get solution

10c. How does a subsidence inversion form? Get solution

10rq. Describe the classification scheme for clouds based on their height and form. Get solution

11c. What two criteria form the major basis of cloud classification? Get solution

11rq. List the major subtypes of high, middle, and low clouds. Get solution

12c. How do cirrocumulus, altocumulus, and stratocumulus clouds differ from each other? Get solution

12rq. What type of cloud produces a characteristic halo? Get solution

13c. Which type of cloud can extend into the lower stratosphere? Get solution

13rq. Other than height, what significant difference exists between altocumulus and cirrocumulus clouds? Get solution

14c. What are two reasons that airline pilots might want to avoid clouds of this type? Get solution

14rq. How do cumulus humilis and cumulus congestus clouds differ from each other? Get solution

15c. What is a lenticular cloud? Get solution

15rq. What distinctive feature characterizes a cumulonimbus cloud? Get solution

16c. What role do adiabatic warming and cooling play in the formation of lenticular clouds? Get solution

16rq. What conditions generate lenticular and banner clouds? Get solution

17c. What is a ceilometer? Get solution

17rq. What are mammalus? Get solution

18c. What are the advantages (and disadvantages, if any) of satellite images of clouds made using visible radiation and infrared radiation? Get solution

18rq. List and describe the types of clouds that exist above the troposphere. Get solution