Chapter #14 Solutions - Understanding Weather and Climate - James E Burt, Edward Aguado - 7th Edition

1c. What are the major sources of particulates? Get solution

1ct. There has been much improvement in air quality for North America as a whole. Further improvements will only arise from measures that may be costly, both directly through the application of technology and by reductions in certain economic activities. Do you personally believe that further improvements can be brought about at a cost that people are willing to bear? Get solution

1. Examine the map in Figure 14-15 or Figure 14-16. How is the air pollution situation in your area? Is the information on the map consistent with your perception of the local air quality? What factors do yon think lead to the type of air quality that your area has? Get solution

1rq. Explain the distinction between primary and secondary pollutants. Get solution

1va. Examine the photograph below of Hangzhou, a city in eastern China and answer the following questions?...What activities can you identify that are creating air pollution? Get solution

2c. How are the processes of gravitational settling and scavenging similar? How are they different? Get solution

2ct. Visit the web page at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/ and form your own conclusions about whether air pollution is now primarily a local or a global process. Get solution

2. Visit the web page at www.epa.gov/air/partners.html for a listing of EPA, state, and local agencies that provide data on air quality, Refer to one of the agencies for a daily report on the air quality in your area. How do the changes in air quality fluctuate with different weather patterns where you live? Get solution

2rq. What are particulates and how are they introduced into the atmosphere? Get solution

2va. Examine the photograph below of Hangzhou, a city in eastern China and answer the following questions?...Which types of pollutants do you think are being emitted by each activity? Get solution

3c. Pick one of the following atmospheric pollutants and explain its causes and effects: carbon oxides, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds. Get solution

3ct. It is believed that global warming during the past few decades might have been even greater were it not for the effect of certain types of air pollution. Explain how this could come about. Get solution

3. If you live in or near an urban area, make note of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in your region. Do you detect a significant urban heat island? How does the magnitude of this heat island compare for maximum and minimum temperatures? Are there seasonal differences? Get solution

3rq. What are the two processes most responsible for removing particulates from the atmosphere? Get solution

4c. Is acid precipitation a primary or secondary pollutant? Explain. Get solution

4rq. What are PM10 and PM25? Does one pose a greater health risk than the other? Get solution

5c. What are two important reasons why ozone levels in photochemical smog should be reduced? Explain. Get solution

5rq. List the most important gases that contribute to air pollution. Get solution

6c. What are two main factors that can disperse or concentrate air pollutants? Get solution

6rq. What are the primary sources of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere? If these sources are nonanthropogenic, why is CO considered a pollutant? Get solution

7c. What are typical heights for the base of Los Angeles inversions? Why is the height of the inversion base important? Get solution

7rq. In what way does carbon monoxide harm the human body? Get solution

8c. How does the Clean Air Act mandate the reduction in air pollution? Get solution

8rq. What are the primary sources of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide in the atmosphere? Get solution

9c. Which air pollutants have undergone the most dramatic reductions since 1990? Get solution

9rq. Would a person be more likely to notice the presence of high CO or high SO2 contents in the ambient air? Get solution

10c. Why does the intensity of an urban heat island vary spatially across a city? Get solution

10rq. Which primary pollutant is most likely to promote the formation of acid fog or acid rain? Get solution

11c. What are some ways in which a city could reduce the heat island effect? Get solution

11rq. Why is nitric oxide much less common in the atmosphere than nitrogen dioxide? Get solution

12rq. Describe the general composition of volatile organic compounds. Get solution

13rq. How do London-type and Los Angeles-type smog differ from each other? Get solution

14rq. Which pollutant gases cause a noticeable coloration of the atmosphere? Which have a characteristic odor? Get solution

15rq. Describe the various atmospheric controls that affect the concentration of air pollutants. Get solution

16rq. How does the construction of buildings in cities alter the radiation exchange near the surface and contribute to the urban heat island effect? Get solution

17rq. Describe the way in which heat storage in cities differs from that of surrounding rural areas. Get solution

18rq. What effect does urbanization have on the exchange of sensible and latent heat? Get solution

19rq. Does the urban heat island manifest itself equally during the day and night? Are there seasonal differences in the magnitude of the heat island effect? Get solution